what is Hopkins Equation?
The Hopkins equation is a mathematical expression used in the field of optics to calculate the resolving power, or spatial resolution, of an optical system such as a microscope or telescope.
The equation is named after its developer, British physicist and inventor Frederick Hopkins, who proposed it in 1953. The Hopkins equation is given by:
R = 0.61 * λ / (NAobj + NAcond)
where R is the resolution, λ is the wavelength of light used in the system, NAobj is the numerical aperture of the objective lens, and NAcond is the numerical aperture of the condenser lens.
The numerical aperture is a measure of the light-gathering ability of an optical system and is defined as the sine of the half-angle of the cone of light that enters or exits the system. The Hopkins equation shows that the resolving power of an optical system is directly proportional to the wavelength of light used and inversely proportional to the sum of the numerical apertures of the objective and condenser lenses.
The Hopkins equation is widely used in the design and optimization of optical systems, particularly in microscopy, where it is used to determine the maximum achievable resolution of a microscope based on the numerical aperture of the objective lens and the wavelength of light used.
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